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In Dante Alighieri's ''The Divine Comedy'', the City of Dis (in Italian, ''la città ch'ha nome Dite'', "the city whose name is Dis")〔''Inferno'' 8.68. Citations from ''The Divine Comedy'', unless otherwise noted, are those of H. Wayne Storey, entry on "Dis," in ''The Dante Encyclopedia'' (Routledge, 2010), pp. 306–307.〕 encompasses the sixth through the ninth circles of Hell.〔''Inferno'' 9.106 to 34.81.〕 In ancient Roman mythology, Dis Pater ("Father Dis") is the ruler of the underworld and is named as such in the sixth book of Virgil's "Aeneid", one of the principal influences on Dante in his depiction of Hell (the god was also known as Pluto, a name not used by Virgil in the ''Aeneid''). The hero Aeneas enters the "desolate halls and vacant realm of Dis"〔''Domos Ditis uacuas et inania regna'' (''Aeneid'' 6.269).〕 with his guide, the Sibyl, who correspond in ''The Divine Comedy'' to "Dante" as the speaker of the poem and his guide, Virgil. ==Description== The walls of Dis are guarded by fallen angels and the Furies. Dante emphasizes the character of the place as a city by describing its architectural features: towers, gates, walls, ramparts, bridges, and moats. It is thus an antithesis to the heavenly city, as for instance described by St. Augustine in his ''City of God''.〔Storey, ''The Dante Encyclopedia'', p. 306.〕 Among these structures are mosques, "the worship places of the most dangerous enemies of medieval Christendom."〔Peter Bondanella, ''The Inferno: Dante Alighieri'', note to the translation of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (Fine Creative Media, 2003), pp. 206–207.〕 In Dante's schematics of Hell, some Muslims and Jews are placed among the heretics. The presence of mosques probably also recalls the reality of Jerusalem in Dante's own time, where gilded domes dominated the skyline.〔Anthony K. Cassell, "The Tomb, the Tower and the Pit: Dante's Satan," in ''Dante: Dante and Interpretation'' (Routledge, 2003), p. 204.〕 Punished within Dis are those whose lives were marked by active (rather than passive) sins: heretics, murderers, suicides, blasphemers, usurpers, sodomites, panderers, seducers, flatterers, Simoniacs, sorcerers, barrators, hypocrites, thieves, false counsellors, schismatics, falsifiers and traitors. Sinners unable to control their passions offend God less than these, whose lives were driven by ''malizia'' ("malice, wicked intent"):
There is perhaps a distinction between ''malizia'' as the characteristic of circles seven and eight, and the ''matta bestialitade'', "inhuman wickedness," of circle nine, which punishes those who threaten "the most basic civic, familial, and religious foundations of happiness."〔Storey, ''The Dante Encyclopedia'', p. 307.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dis (Divine Comedy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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